1. JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver :
The Type 1 driver translates all JDBC calls into ODBC calls and sends them to the ODBC driver. ODBC is a generic API. The
JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver is recommended only for experimental use or when no other alternative is available.
2. Native-API/partly Java driver :
The distinctive characteristic of type 2 jdbc drivers are that Type 2 drivers convert JDBC calls into database-specific calls i.e. this driver is specific to a particular database.
3. All Java/Net-protocol driver :
Type 3 database requests are passed through the network to the middle-tier server. The middle-tier then translates the request to the database. If the middle-tier server can in turn use Type1, Type 2 or Type 4 drivers.
4. Native-protocol/all-Java driver:
The Type 4 uses java networking libraries to communicate directly with the database server.