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Thread: JPanel not reacting to Keystrokes

  1. #1
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    Default JPanel not reacting to Keystrokes

    I'm working on a tetris game and I've been trying to get the keystroke actions to work; i've done it before in other applications but for some reason my jpanel is not calling any of the key methods when i hit a key. I don't know if this is a problem with the focus, whether I left out some needed code, or something else altogether... please help!

    The only code i need help on is PlayPanel (and possibly MainFrame) but I provided all my code for those who wish to compile and run it

    EDIT: I have also been looking at KeyBindings, does anyone know if that would help in a situation like this?

    MainFrame:
    package Tetris;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    @SuppressWarnings({ "serial" })
    public class MainFrame extends JFrame {
    	public MainFrame() {
    		super("Tetris");
    		setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    		setResizable(false);
    		JPanel optionInfo = new JPanel();
    		optionInfo.setLayout(new BoxLayout(optionInfo, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
    		optionInfo.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
    		PlayPanel play = new PlayPanel();
    		InfoPanel info = new InfoPanel(play);
    		OptionPanel options = new OptionPanel(info, play);
    		optionInfo.add(options);
    		optionInfo.add(info);
    		add(play, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    		add(optionInfo, BorderLayout.EAST);
    		pack();
    		setVisible(true);
    	}
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		new MainFrame();
    	}
    }

    PlayPanel:
    package Tetris;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    import javax.swing.border.Border;
    import java.util.TimerTask;
    import java.util.Timer;
     
    @SuppressWarnings({ "serial", "unused" })
    public class PlayPanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener {
    	private Tetromino tet;
    	private Timer dropTimer;
    	private Timer colorTimer;
    	private JButton[][] buttonAt;
    	private boolean[][] isDeadButtonAt;
    	private int linesCleared = 0;
    	private int dropSpeed = 1000;
     
    	public PlayPanel() {
    		super();
    		setBackground(Color.BLACK);
    		GridLayout grid = new GridLayout(18, 10); //rows, columns
    		setLayout(grid);
    		buttonAt = new JButton[10][18];
    		isDeadButtonAt = new boolean[10][18];
    		for(int y = 0; y < 18; y++) {
    			for(int x = 0; x < 10; x++) {
    				buttonAt[x][y] = new JButton();
    				buttonAt[x][y].setEnabled(false);
    				buttonAt[x][y].setPreferredSize(new Dimension(30, 30));
    				buttonAt[x][y].setOpaque(false); //false makes background visible
    				add(buttonAt[x][y]);
    			}
    		}
    		setFocusable(true);
    		addKeyListener(this);
    		setVisible(true);
    	}
    	public void newGame() {
    		if(!(dropTimer == null)) { dropTimer.cancel(); }
    		if(!(colorTimer == null)) { colorTimer.cancel(); }
    		for(int x = 0; x < 10; x++) {
    			for(int y = 0; y < 18; y++) {
    				buttonAt[x][y].setBackground(null);
    				buttonAt[x][y].setOpaque(false);
    				isDeadButtonAt[x][y] = false;
    			}
    		}
    		dropSpeed = 1000;
    		dropTimer  = new Timer();
    		dropTimer.schedule(new DropTimer(), dropSpeed, dropSpeed);
    		colorTimer = new Timer();
    		colorTimer.schedule(new ColorTimer(), 0, 100);
    		tet = new Tetromino();
    	}
    	public void moveTet(boolean rotated) {
    		int[] x = new int[4];	int lastX[] = new int[4];
    		int[] y = new int[4];	int lastY[] = new int[4];
    		int dropLevel = tet.getDropLevel();
    		int lastDropLevel = tet.getLastDropLevel();
    		int rotation = tet.getRotation();
    		int height = tet.getHeight();
    		int movedPos = tet.getMovedPos();
    		if(movedPos < 0 || movedPos > 9) { return; }
    		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    			x[i] = tet.getPosX()[rotation][i] + movedPos;
    			y[i] = tet.getPosY()[rotation][i] + dropLevel;
    			lastX[i] = tet.getLastPosX()[i] + movedPos;
    			lastY[i] = tet.getLastPosY()[i] + lastDropLevel;
    			if(dropLevel + height > 18 || isDeadButtonAt[x[i]][y[i]]) {
    				if(rotated == true) { return; }
    				movedPos = 0;
    				setDeadButtons();
    				tet = new Tetromino();
    				return;
    			}
    		}
    		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    			buttonAt[lastX[i]][lastY[i]].setOpaque(false);
    			buttonAt[lastX[i]][lastY[i]].setBackground(null);
    		}
    		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    			buttonAt[x[i]][y[i]].setOpaque(true);
    			buttonAt[x[i]][y[i]].setBackground(tet.getNewColor());	
    		}
    		tet.setLastPos(tet.getPosX()[rotation], tet.getPosY()[rotation]);
    		if(rotated == false) {
    			tet.setLastDropLevel(dropLevel);
    			tet.setDropLevel(dropLevel + 1);
    		}
    	}
    	public void setDeadButtons() {
    		for(int x = 0; x < 10; x++) {
    			for(int y = 0; y < 18; y++) {
    				if(buttonAt[x][y].isOpaque()) { isDeadButtonAt[x][y] = true; }
    				else { isDeadButtonAt[x][y] = false; }
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) { }
    	public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) { }
    	public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
    		System.out.println("KEY PRESSED");
    		switch(e.getKeyCode()) {
    		case KeyEvent.VK_UP:
    			System.out.println("UP PRESSED");
    			tet.rotate();
    			moveTet(true);
    			break;
    		case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:
    			System.out.println("LEFT PRESSED");
    			tet.setMovedPos(tet.getMovedPos() - 1);
    			moveTet(false);
    			break;
    		}
    	}
    	public void pause() {
    		dropTimer.cancel();
    		//colorTimer.cancel();
    	}
    	public void resume() {
    		dropTimer = new Timer();
    		//colorTimer = new Timer();
    		dropTimer.schedule(new DropTimer(), dropSpeed, dropSpeed);
    		//colorTimer.schedule(new ColorTimer(), 0, 100);
    	}
    	public class DropTimer extends TimerTask implements Runnable {
    		public void run() {
    			moveTet(false);
    		}
    	}
    	public class ColorTimer extends TimerTask implements Runnable {
    		public void run() {
    			for(int x = 0; x < 10; x++) {
    				for(int y = 0; y < 18; y++) {
    					if(buttonAt[x][y].isOpaque()) {
    						buttonAt[x][y].setBackground(tet.getNewColor());
    					}
    				}
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	public int getLinesCleared() {
    		return linesCleared;
    	}
    	public void resetLinesCleared() {
    		linesCleared = 0;
    	}
    	public void updateLinesCleared() {
     
    	}
    }

    Tetromino:
    package Tetris;
     
    import java.util.Random;
    import java.awt.Color;
     
    public class Tetromino {
    	private int type;
    	private Color tetColor;
    	private int[] lastPosX = new int[]{0, 0, 0, 0};
    	private int[] lastPosY = new int[]{0, 0, 0, 0};
    	private int[][] posX = new int[4][4];
    	private int[][] posY = new int[4][4];
    	private int height;
    	private int movedPos = 5; //middle of grid layout
    	private int dropLevel = 0;
    	private int lastDropLevel = 0;
    	private int rotation = 0;
    	private int lastRotation = -1;
     
    	public Tetromino() {
    		Random genNum = new Random();
    		type = genNum.nextInt(7);
    		switch(type) {
    		case 0: buildIBlock(); break;
    		case 1: buildOBlock(); break;
    		case 2: buildTBlock(); break;
    		case 3: buildLBlock(); break;
    		case 4: buildJBlock(); break;
    		case 5: buildSBlock(); break;
    		case 6: buildZBlock(); break;
    		} 
    		if(type == 0) { height = 1;	}
    		else { height = 2; }
    		tetColor = getNewColor();
    	}
    	public Color getNewColor() {
    		Color newColor = null;
    		Random genNum = new Random();
    		int colorType = genNum.nextInt(7);
    		switch(colorType) {
    		case 0: newColor = Color.BLUE; break;
    		case 1: newColor = Color.CYAN; break;
    		case 2: newColor = Color.GREEN; break;
    		case 3: newColor = Color.MAGENTA; break;
    		case 4: newColor = Color.ORANGE; break;
    		case 5: newColor = Color.RED; break;
    		case 6: newColor = Color.WHITE; break;
    		}
    		if(newColor.equals(tetColor)) { getNewColor(); }
    		return newColor;
    	}
    	public void buildIBlock() {
    		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    			if(i%2 == 0) {
    				posX[i] = new int[] {-2, -1, 0, 1};		posY[i] = new int[] {0, 0, 0, 0};
    			}
    			else {
    				posX[i] = new int[] {0, 0, 0, 0};		posY[i] = new int[] {0, 1, 2, 3};
    			}
    		}
    	}	
    	public void buildOBlock() {
    		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    			posX[i] = new int[] {-1, 0, -1, 0};		posY[i] = new int[] {0, 0, 1, 1};
    		}
    	}
    	public void buildTBlock() {
    		posX[0] = new int[] {-1, 0, 1, 0};		posY[0] = new int[] {0, 0, 0, 1};
    		posX[1] = new int[] {0, -1, 0, 0};		posY[1] = new int[] {0, 1, 1, 2};
    		posX[2] = new int[] {0, -1, 0, 1};		posY[2] = new int[] {0, 1, 1, 1};
    		posX[3] = new int[] {-1, -1, 0, -1};	posY[3] = new int[] {0, 1, 1, 2};
    	}
    	public void buildLBlock() {
    		posX[0] = new int[] {-1, 0, 1, -1};		posY[0] = new int[] {0, 0, 0, 1};
    		posX[1] = new int[] {-1, 0, 0, 0}; 		posY[1] = new int[] {0, 0, 1, 2};
    		posX[2] = new int[] {1, -1, 0, 1};		posY[2] = new int[] {0, 1, 1, 1};
    		posX[3] = new int[] {-1, -1, -1, 0};	posY[3] = new int[] {0, 1, 2, 2};
    	}	
    	public void buildJBlock() {
    		posX[0] = new int[] {-1, 0, 1, 1};		posY[0] = new int[] {0, 0, 0, 1};
    		posX[1] = new int[] {0, 0, -1, 0};		posY[1] = new int[] {0, 1, 2, 2};
    		posX[2] = new int[] {-1, -1, 0, 1};		posY[2] = new int[] {0, 1, 1, 1};
    		posX[3] = new int[] {-1, 0, -1, -1};	posY[3] = new int[] {0, 0, 1, 2};
    	}	
    	public void buildSBlock() {
    		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    			if(i%2 == 0) {
    				posX[i] = new int[] {0, 1, -1, 0};		posY[i] = new int[] {0, 0, 1, 1};
    			} else {
    				posX[i] = new int[] {-1, -1, 0, 0};		posY[i] = new int[] {0, 1, 1, 2};
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	public void buildZBlock() {
    		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    			if(i%2 == 0) {
    				posX[i] = new int[] {-1, 0, 0, 1};		posY[i] = new int[] {0, 0, 1, 1};
    			} else {
    				posX[i] = new int[] {0, 0, -1, -1};		posY[i] = new int[] {0, 1, 1, 2};
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	public void rotate() {
    		lastRotation = rotation;
    		rotation = (rotation+1)%4;
    		switch(type) {
    		case 0: if(rotation % 2 == 0) { height = 1; } else { height = 4; } break;
    		case 1: height = 2; break;
    		default: if(rotation % 2 == 0) { height = 2; } else { height = 3; } break;
    		}
    	}
    	public void setLastPos(int[] posX, int[] posY) {
    		lastPosX = posX;	lastPosY = posY;
    	}
    	public void resetLastPos() {
    		lastPosX = new int[] {0,0,0,0};
    		lastPosY = new int[] {0,0,0,0};
    		lastDropLevel = 0;
    	}
    	public int getType() { return type; }
    	public int[] getLastPosX() { return lastPosX; }
    	public int[] getLastPosY() { return lastPosY; }
    	public int[][] getPosX() { return posX; }
    	public int[][] getPosY() { return posY; }
    	public int getHeight() { return height; }
    	public int getMovedPos() { return movedPos; }
    	public int getDropLevel() { return dropLevel; }
    	public int getLastDropLevel() { return lastDropLevel; }
    	public int getLastRotation() { return lastRotation; }
    	public int getRotation() { return rotation; }
    	public Color getTetColor() { return tetColor; }
    	public void setMovedPos(int m) { movedPos = m; }
    	public void setDropLevel(int d) { dropLevel = d; }
    	public void setLastDropLevel(int l) { lastDropLevel = l; }
    }

    InfoPanel:
    package Tetris;
     
    import java.awt.*;
     
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    @SuppressWarnings({ "serial" })
    public class InfoPanel extends JPanel  {
    	private ScoreTracker scoreTracker;
    	private PlayPanel playPanel;
    	private JLabel score = new JLabel();
    	private JLabel level = new JLabel();
    	private JLabel linesCleared = new JLabel();
     
    	public InfoPanel(PlayPanel play) {
    		playPanel = play;
    		scoreTracker = new ScoreTracker();
    		setOpaque(false);
    		setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(10, 0, 0, 0));
    		setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
    		JLabel scoreLabel = new JLabel("SCORE");
    		JLabel levelLabel = new JLabel("LEVEL");
    		JLabel linesLabel = new JLabel("LINES");
    		JLabel clearedLabel = new JLabel("CLEARED");
    		scoreLabel.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
    		levelLabel.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
    		linesLabel.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
    		clearedLabel.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
    		score.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
    		level.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
    		linesCleared.setForeground(Color.WHITE);
    		scoreLabel.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
    		levelLabel.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
    		linesLabel.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
    		clearedLabel.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
    		score.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
    		level.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
    		linesCleared.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
    		add(scoreLabel);
    		add(score);
    		add(levelLabel);
    		add(level);
    		add(linesLabel);
    		add(clearedLabel);
    		add(linesCleared);
    		setVisible(true);	
    	}
    	public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
    		super.paintComponent(g);
    		score.setText("" + scoreTracker.getScore());
    		level.setText("" + (1 + Integer.parseInt(score.getText())/1000));
    		linesCleared.setText("" + playPanel.getLinesCleared());
    	}
    	public void updateInfo() {
    		if(scoreTracker == null) scoreTracker = new ScoreTracker();
    		else scoreTracker.updateScore();
    		repaint();
    	}
    	public void resetInfo() {
    		scoreTracker.resetScore();
    		playPanel.resetLinesCleared();
    		repaint();
    	}
    }

    OptionPanel:
    package Tetris;
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    import javax.swing.border.*;
     
    @SuppressWarnings({ "serial", "unused" })
    public class OptionPanel extends JPanel implements ActionListener {
    	private InfoPanel infoPanel;
    	private PlayPanel playPanel;
    	private JButton newGame = new JButton("NEW GAME");
    	private JButton pause = new JButton("PAUSE");
    	private JButton quit = new JButton("QUIT");
    	private JButton addScore = new JButton("+100");
    	private Font f = new Font("SERIF", 0, 14);
    	private boolean isPaused;
     
     
    	public OptionPanel(InfoPanel info, PlayPanel play) {
    		infoPanel = info;
    		playPanel = play;
    		setOpaque(false);
    		setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
    		setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10));
    		newGame.addActionListener(this);
    		pause.addActionListener(this);
    		quit.addActionListener(this);
    		addScore.addActionListener(this);
    		newGame.setFont(f);
    		newGame.setForeground(Color.GREEN);
    		newGame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
    		newGame.setBorder(null);
    		newGame.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
    		pause.setFont(f);
    		pause.setForeground(Color.ORANGE);
    		pause.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
    		pause.setBorder(null);
    		pause.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
    		quit.setFont(f);
    		quit.setForeground(Color.RED);
    		quit.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
    		quit.setBorder(null);
    		quit.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
    		add(newGame);
    		add(pause);
    		add(quit);
    		setVisible(true);
    	}
    	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
    		Object source = event.getSource();
    		if(source.equals(newGame)) {
    			pause.setText("PAUSE");
    			infoPanel.resetInfo();
    			playPanel.newGame();
    		}
    		if(source.equals(pause)) {
    			if(pause.getText().equals("PAUSE")) { 
    				pause.setText("RESUME");
    				playPanel.pause();
    				}
    			else { 
    				pause.setText("PAUSE"); 
    				playPanel.resume();
    			}
    		}
    		if(source.equals(quit)) {
    			System.exit(0);
    		}
    		if(source.equals(addScore)) {
    			infoPanel.updateInfo();
    		}
    	}
    }

    ScoreTracker (necessary to compile but I haven't fleshed out the methods yet)
    package Tetris;
     
    public class ScoreTracker {
    	private int score;
     
    	public ScoreTracker() {
    		score = 0;
    	}	
    	public void updateScore() {
    		score += 100;
    	}	
    	public void resetScore() {
    		score = 0;
    	}	
    	public int getScore() {
    		return score;
    	}
    }


  2. #2
    Super Moderator curmudgeon's Avatar
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    Default Re: JPanel not reacting to Keystrokes

    Quote Originally Posted by sonicjr View Post
    I'm working on a tetris game and I've been trying to get the keystroke actions to work; i've done it before in other applications but for some reason my jpanel is not calling any of the key methods when i hit a key. I don't know if this is a problem with the focus, whether I left out some needed code, or something else altogether... please help!
    Usually yes, this is a problem of focus.

    The only code i need help on is PlayPanel (and possibly MainFrame) but I provided all my code for those who wish to compile and run it

    EDIT: I have also been looking at KeyBindings, does anyone know if that would help in a situation like this?
    And yes, Key Bindings will usually solve this issue. Regardless, you are encouraged to use Key Bindings in place of KeyListeners as a general rule since the latter are felt to be a much lower-level construct.

    Addendum: don't use a java.util.Timer with Swing GUI's, especially for code that needs to be called on the event thread. This is what javax.swing.Timer's are for. Use them instead.

    Addendum 2: For a small taste of Key Binding, change your PlayPanel constructor to something like:

       public PlayPanel() {
          super();
          setBackground(Color.BLACK);
          GridLayout grid = new GridLayout(18, 10); // rows, columns
          setLayout(grid);
          buttonAt = new JButton[10][18];
          isDeadButtonAt = new boolean[10][18];
          for (int y = 0; y < 18; y++) {
             for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) {
                buttonAt[x][y] = new JButton();
                buttonAt[x][y].setEnabled(false);
                buttonAt[x][y].setPreferredSize(new Dimension(30, 30));
                buttonAt[x][y].setOpaque(false); // false makes background visible
                add(buttonAt[x][y]);
             }
          }
          setFocusable(true);
          // addKeyListener(this); // you don't need this
          // setVisible(true); // you rarely need this in a non-top level window
     
          ActionMap actionMap = getActionMap();
          int condition = WHEN_IN_FOCUSED_WINDOW;
          InputMap inputMap = getInputMap(condition);
     
          String upKey  = "up key";
          inputMap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_UP, 0), upKey);
          actionMap.put(upKey, new AbstractAction() {
     
             @Override
             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent aEvt) {
                System.out.println("up key pressed");
             }
          });
       }

  3. The Following User Says Thank You to curmudgeon For This Useful Post:

    sonicjr (November 18th, 2012)

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